黑龙江省海伦市长发镇土地质量地球化学评价及开发建议     

刘国栋  杨泽  戴慧敏  张一鹤  肖红叶  陈江 《地质与资源》2020,29(6):533-542

基于海伦市长发镇1：1万土地质量地球化学调查获得的土壤重金属元素和养分元素数据，参照土壤环境质量标准（GB15618—2018）和土地质量地球化学评价规范（DZ/T0295—2016），采用单指标评价法对研究区土壤养分和土壤环境质量进行评价，并在此基础上，将两者叠加分析，对研究区进行土地质量地球化学综合判定.结果表明：研究区内土壤养分以丰富及较丰富为主，分别占长发镇总面积的37.49%和62.22%，区内缺乏B、Mo；研究区99.94%的土地为无风险（一等），0.06%的土地为风险可控（二等），风险可控土地主要受Cd及Hg元素的影响；土地质量地球化学综合评价结果显示，研究区以一等（优质）土地为主，占评价区总面积的99.66%；研究发现长发镇富Se土地资源面积19.25 km²，土壤中Se含量为0.4×10^-6～1.4×10^-6，平均值为0.44×10^-6；长发镇符合绿色食品产地的耕地面积138.44 km²，占调查区耕地面积的99.84%，其中绿色富Se、绿色食品产地分别为18.53 km²和119.91 km².  相似文献   

High-frequency monitoring of hydrological and biogeochemical fluxes in forested catchments of southern Chile     

Cristián Frêne  Juan J. Armesto  Freddy Véliz  Fernando D. Alfaro  Kathleen C. Weathers 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14175

The variability of rainfall-dependent streamflow at catchment scale modulates many ecosystem processes in wet temperate forests. Runoff in small mountain catchments is characterized by a quick response to rainfall pulses which affects biogeochemical fluxes to all downstream systems. In wet-temperate climates, water erosion is the most important natural factor driving downstream soil and nutrient losses from upland ecosystems. Most hydrochemical studies have focused on water flux measurements at hourly scales, along with weekly or monthly samples for water chemistry. Here, we assessed how water and element flows from broad-leaved, evergreen forested catchments in southwestern South America, are influenced by different successional stages, quantifying runoff, sediment transport and nutrient fluxes during hourly rainfall events of different intensities. Hydrograph comparisons among different successional stages indicated that forested catchments differed in their responses to high intensity rainfall, with greater runoff in areas covered by secondary forests (SF), compared to old-growth forest cover (OG) and dense scrub vegetation (CH). Further, throughfall water was greatly nutrient enriched for all forest types. Suspended sediment loads varied between successional stages. SF catchments exported 455 kg of sediments per ha, followed by OG with 91 kg/ha and CH with 14 kg/ha, corresponding to 11 rainfall events measured from December 2013 to April 2014. Total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) concentrations in stream water also varied with rainfall intensity. In seven rainfall events sampled during the study period, CH catchments exported less nutrients (46 kg/ha TN and 7 kg/ha TP) than SF catchments (718 kg/ha TN and 107 kg/ha TP), while OG catchments exported intermediate sediment loads (201 kg/ha TN and 23 kg/ha TP). Further, we found significant effects of successional stage attributes (vegetation structure and soil physical properties) and catchment morphometry on runoff and sediment concentrations, and greater nutrients retention in OG and CH catchments. We conclude that in these southern hemisphere, broad-leaved evergreen temperate forests, hydrological processes are driven by multiple interacting phenomena, including climate, vegetation, soils, topography, and disturbance history.  相似文献   

捷联式航空重力扰动矢量解算及误差补偿     

郭栋  孙中苗  吴富梅  张琪 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(12):1295-1301

介绍捷联式航空重力矢量测量的基本原理，利用波数相关滤波（WCF）、比力线性校正的方法对重力扰动的水平和垂向分量进行误差补偿，评定内符合精度。对国产捷联式航空重力矢量仪的某次试验数据进行处理，以验证和评估航空重力矢量仪的性能。结果表明，在半波长分辨率为7.5 km时，6条重复测线的重力扰动水平分量经波数相关滤波处理后，东、北向分量的平均内符合精度分别从9.77 mGal、9.18 mGal提高到5.95 mGal、3.83 mGal；对比力的垂向分量线性校正后，将解算的重力扰动垂向分量再用WCF方法处理，其平均内符合精度从1.27 mGal提高到0.59 mGal。  相似文献   

Comparing grain size distribution of sediment and original soil under raindrop detachment and raindrop-induced and flow transport mechanism   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Mahboobeh Kiani-Harchegani  Hossein Asadi 《水文科学杂志》2018,63(2):312-323

The grain size distribution (GSD) of sediment in comparison with the original soil GSD is discussed under different slopes (5, 15 and 25%) and rainfall intensities (30, 60 and 90 mm h^–1 with respective duration of 30, 15 and 10 min) but identical runoff (15 mm). The sediment quantification was carried out by raindrop-induced flow transport (RIFT) or/and transport by flow (FT) using a rainfall simulator and a 6 × 1 m² erosion plot and a silt loam. The results show a high degree of enrichment for size classes of 2–4 and 4–8 μm and a high degree of depletion for size classes of >63 μm under different slopes and rainfall intensities. In addition, the results show that the experimental enrichment ratio (ER) for particle size <16 μm under different slopes and rainfall intensities was greater than 1, while the ER for particle size >32 μm was less than 1.  相似文献   

Extracting water-related features using reflectance data and principal component analysis of Landsat images     

Boglárka Balázs  Tibor Bíró  Gareth Dyke  Sudhir Kumar Singh 《水文科学杂志》2018,63(2):269-284

This study aimed to map water features using a Landsat image rather than traditional land cover. We involved the original bands, spectral indices and principal components (PCs) of a principal component analysis (PCA) as input data, and performed random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) classification with water, saturated soil and non-water categories. The aim was to compare the efficiency of the results based on various input data. Original bands provided 93% overall accuracy (OA) and bands 4–5–7 were the most informative in this analysis. Except for MNDWI (modified normalized differenced water index, with 98% OA), the performance of all water indices was between 60 and 70% (OA). The PCA-based approach conducted on the original bands resulted in the most accurate identification of all classes (with only 1% error in the case of water bodies). We therefore show that both water bodies and saturated soils can be identified successfully using this approach.  相似文献   

Stratification response of soil water content during rainfall events under different rainfall patterns   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

Yinglan A  Guoqiang Wang  Wenchao Sun  Baolin Xue  Anthony Kiem 《水文研究》2018,32(20):3128-3139

Many researchers have studied the influence of rainfall patterns on soil water movement processes using rainfall simulation experiments. However, less attention has been paid to the influence under natural condition. In this paper, rainfall, soil water content (SWC), and soil temperature at 10‐, 20‐, 30‐, 40‐, and 50‐cm depths were simultaneously monitored at 1‐min intervals to measure the variation in SWC (SWCv) in response to rainfall under different rainfall patterns. First, we classified rainfall events into four patterns. During the study period, the main pattern was the advanced rainfall pattern (38% of all rainfall events), whereas the delayed, central, and uniform rainfall patterns had similar frequencies of about 20%. During natural rainfall, rainwater rapidly passed through the top soil layers (10–40 cm) and was accumulated in the bottom layer (50 cm). When a high rainfall pulse occurred, the water storage balance was disturbed, resulting in the drainage of initial soil water from the top layers into the deeper layers. Therefore, the critical function of the top layers and the bottom layers was infiltration and storage, respectively. The source of water stored in the bottom layer was not only rainfall but also the initial soil water in the upper soil layers. Changes in soil temperature at each soil depth were comonitored with SWCv to determine the movement characteristics of soil water under different rainfall patterns. Under the delayed rainfall pattern, preferential flows preferred to occur. Under the other rainfall patterns, matrix flow was the main form of soil water movement. Rainfall amount was a better indicator than rainfall intensity for SWCv in the bottom layer under the delayed rainfall pattern. These results provide insights into the responses of SWCv under different rainfall patterns in northern China.  相似文献   

考虑不确定性的地震灾害应急救援设备并行优化设计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘航 《地震工程学报》2018,40(5):1118-1123

由于地震灾害的不确定性，使得应急救援设备运行速率及使用效率均受到影响，需要进行并行优化处理。对此，提出基于双向并行计算的地震灾害应急救援设备优化方法。以地震灾区灾情等级评估结果为基础，将地震等级及应急救援设备，设备及设备之间的关系进行标准化处理，转化为求解最优解问题；在考虑不确定性的情况下，通过通信时间与救援设备需求进行双向并行处理，优化地震灾害应急救援设备。实验结果表明，采用改进方法进行地震灾害应急救援设备并行优化，能够对地震灾害应急救援设备需求量进行准确预测，提高应急救援设备的运行速率，缩短通信时间，提高应急救援设备的使用效率，具有一定的优势。  相似文献   

GPS约束下陇西地区断裂带现今滑动速率的非连续接触模拟研究     

孟庆筱  景鹏旭  何申海  党学会 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(12):1227-1231

以中国地壳运动观测网络1999、2001、2004和2007年4期GPS观测数据为边界条件，使用非连续接触有限元技术构建陇西块体二维有限元模型，在摩擦系数不确定性分析基础上，计算区内主要断裂带滑动速率。结果表明，现今地壳形变运动状态下陇西块体的北东向运动在海原断裂附近受到鄂尔多斯块体、阿拉善块体阻碍，陇西块体周缘的海原断裂带、老虎山断裂、西秦岭北缘断裂呈现左旋走滑特征，滑动速率为3.5 mm/a、2.2 mm/a和1.9 mm/a，说明在青藏高原推挤作用下以上关键部位正在进行快速的构造应变积累。  相似文献   

参数带椭球约束平差算法的应用     

肖兆兵  宋迎春  谢雪梅 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(9):964-967

针对实际工程应用中遇到的参数带有范围约束的情形，提出带椭球约束的平差算法，并给出其具体模型和解算步骤。数值模拟实验和病态测边网数据计算表明，在处理病态问题时，最小二乘平差（least-squares，LS）已不适用，而与岭估计、奇异值分解法（singular value decomposition，SVD）以及不等式约束相比，本文算法精度更高。  相似文献   

Consistency of precipitation products over the Arabian Peninsula and interactions with soil moisture and water storage     

Youssef Wehbe  Marouane Temimi  Dawit T. Ghebreyesus  Adam Milewski  Hamid Norouzi  Elsy Ibrahim 《水文科学杂志》2018,63(3):408-425

The regional-scale consistency between four precipitation products from the GPCC, TRMM, WM, and CMORPH datasets over the Arabian Peninsula was assessed. Their macroscale relationships were inter-compared with soil moisture and total water storage (TWS) estimates from AMSR-E and GRACE. The consistency analysis was studied with multivariate statistical hypothesis testing and Pearson correlation metrics for the period from January 2000 to December 2010. The products and GRACE estimates were assessed over a representative sub-domain (United Arab Emirates) with available in situ well observations. Next, geographically temporally weighted regression (GTWR) was employed to examine the interdependencies among the peninsula’s hydrological components. The results showed GPCC-TRMM recording the highest correlation (0.85) with insignificant mean differences over more than 90% of the peninsula. The highest GTWR predictive performance of TWS (R² = 0.84) was achieved with TRMM forcing, which indicates its potential to monitor changes in TWS over the arid peninsular region.  相似文献